![]() Routes for Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT) Therefore, no conclusive evidence can be drawn regarding association of HBV genotypes (A, B, C, and D) and perinatal transmission. Similarly the role of precore mutant (HBeAg-negative) and basal core mutation is also not very well documented in MTCT. Īs regards the HBV genotype, some Japanese studies showed association between genotype C and MTCT when compared with other genotypes which were refuted by some later Chinese studies. demonstrated HBV replication in 50% embryos from mothers with HBV viremia versus 7% in mothers with undetectable levels of HBV DNA. HBV can infect the follicular fluid and ovary, and studies have suggested that high levels of maternal HBV DNA enhance HBV transmission to embryos. HBV DNA is also present in sperms of HBV-infected males, and homology between the father and child's viral sequences has been found. HBV can infect the placental tissue and vascular endothelium. High level of HBV DNA is the main risk factor for perinatal transmission in pregnant women. While there is only 6.6% transient infection in infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers, no persistent infection has been documented. Mother to child transmission rate is about 70–90% for HBeAg-positive mothers, 25% for HBeAg-negative/HBeAb-negative mothers, and 12% for HBeAg-negative/anti-HBe-positive mothers. HBeAg can filter through the placenta and can infect the fetus. It is often used as a marker of ability to spread the virus to other people. The presence of HBeAg in serum is an indicator of viral replication. Risk Factors for Mother to Child Transmission (MTCT) ![]()
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